Nigeria is famously known as Africa’s most populous country, and one of its most culturally diverse nations. With over 250 distinct ethnic groups, Nigeria’s rich heritage is built on centuries of indigenous traditions, languages, belief systems, and historical narratives passed down through generations. Among these numerous tribes, ten cultural groups stand out due to their population size, cultural influence, and national relevance. From the Hausa-Fulani in the north to the Yoruba and Igbo in the south, each group maintains unique festivals, marriage rites, folklore, art, and governance systems that contribute to the nation’s vibrant diversity.
This post explores the ten biggest ethnic groups in Nigeria, highlighting their estimated population sizes, major locations, and languages spoken. Whether you’re a researcher, traveler, or curious reader, this guide offers a concise, well-organized view into Nigeria’s cultural landscape.
The 10 Biggest Cultural Groups in Nigeria
| Rank | Cultural Group (Tribe) | Estimated Population (%) | Major States | Primary Language |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Hausa-Fulani | 29% | Kano, Kaduna, Sokoto, Katsina, Zamfara, Bauchi | Hausa |
| 2 | Yoruba | 21% | Lagos, Oyo, Osun, Ogun, Ondo, Ekiti, Kwara, Kogi | Yoruba |
| 3 | Igbo | 18% | Abia, Imo, Anambra, Ebonyi, Enugu | Igbo |
| 4 | Ijaw | 10% | Bayelsa, Rivers, Delta, Ondo | Ijaw |
| 5 | Kanuri | 4% | Borno, Yobe | Kanuri |
| 6 | Ibibio | 3.5% | Akwa Ibom, Cross River | Ibibio |
| 7 | Tiv | 2.5% | Benue, Taraba, Nasarawa, Plateau | Tiv |
| 8 | Edo (Bini)** | 2% | Edo | Edo |
| 9 | Nupe | 1.5% | Niger, Kwara, Kogi | Nupe |
| 10 | Gwari | 1% | Niger, Abuja (FCT), Kaduna | Gwari |
