Ibadan, the capital of Oyo State, stands proudly in Nigeria’s South West geopolitical zone. Renowned as one of Nigeria’s oldest cities, it holds the prestigious title of being the largest city in West Africa by landmass. The city is predominantly occupied by the Yoruba ethnic group, whose rich culture and traditions deeply influence everyday life. Commonly spoken languages in Ibadan include Yoruba, English, and Pidgin English, while Islam and Christianity are the two widely practiced religions, existing harmoniously alongside traditional beliefs.
Ibadan City Profile At a Glance
| Attribute | Details |
|---|---|
| City | Ibadan |
| State | Oyo State |
| Geopolitical Zone | South West |
| Estimated Population | Over 4million |
| Indigenous Tribes | Yoruba |
| Common Languages | Yoruba, English, Pidgin English |
| Known For | Largest city in West Africa by landmass, historical landmarks, cultural festivals |
City Overview
With a bustling population estimated at over 4 million residents, Ibadan remains a vibrant urban centre, blending age-old traditions with modern development. The city is divided into numerous lively neighbourhoods and districts. Notable among them are Bodija, Dugbe, Mokola, Jericho, Eleyele, Agodi GRA, Oluyole Estate, and Challenge.
Ibadan is known for hosting significant local events and festivals. The Oke’badan Festival, an annual celebration rooted in the city’s ancient traditions, is one of the most anticipated events in the city. Another highlight is the Sango Festival, honouring the Yoruba god of thunder, which draws visitors from across the region.
When it comes to delicacies, Ibadan boasts a distinctive culinary scene. The city is famous for its amala and gbegiri, often paired with ewedu and assorted meat. Suya spots, street shawarma, and spicy asun (pepper-roasted goat meat) are also favourites among locals and visitors alike.
Important Landmarks
Ibadan is dotted with significant landmarks that capture its rich history and cultural heritage. Mapo Hall, a colonial-era city hall, remains an iconic structure overseeing the ancient city. The University of Ibadan, Nigeria’s oldest university, founded in 1948, is a symbol of academic excellence.
The city is also home to the Cocoa House, once the tallest building in West Africa, and the culturally revered Bower’s Tower, which offers a panoramic view of Ibadan’s expanse. Recreational spots such as the Ibadan Recreation Club, Agodi Gardens, and Ventura Mall provide leisure and entertainment for residents.
Healthcare is well-represented by institutions like University College Hospital (UCH), the first teaching hospital in Nigeria, alongside private facilities like Adeoyo Maternity Hospital and The Vine Hospital.
Geography
The city covers an expansive area of about 3,080 square kilometres, Ibadan lies on a hilly terrain with scattered valleys and rivers such as the Ona River. The city experiences a tropical wet and dry climate, with an average annual temperature of 26°C. Ibadan has two distinct seasons: the rainy season from March to October and a dry season from November to February. Annual rainfall averages around 1,230 mm.
Economy
Ibadan’s economy thrives on trade, agriculture, and industry. The city was historically a major hub for cocoa, cassava, and yam production. Today, it remains a prominent centre for agricultural produce and has expanded into commerce and manufacturing.
Major markets such as Dugbe, Oja Oba, Bodija Market, and Agbeni serve as commercial nerve centres where everything from textiles to electronics and fresh farm produce is traded. The emergence of shopping malls and business hubs has added a modern dimension to the city’s commerce.
History of Ibadan
Founded in 1829, Ibadan originated as a war camp for warriors from various Yoruba towns. Its strategic location and military prowess established it as a powerful city-state in the 19th century. The name “Ibadan” is derived from “Eba Odan,” meaning “by the edge of the savannah.”
The city played a crucial role during colonial times as an administrative and commercial centre, especially for cocoa trade. Post-independence, it continued to grow, becoming the capital of the defunct Western Region before assuming its role as the capital of Oyo State in 1976.
Fun Fact About Ibadan
Did you know Ibadan is home to Nigeria’s first television station? Western Nigeria Television (WNTV) was launched in Ibadan in 1959, marking the beginning of television broadcasting in Africa.
