With the increasing volume and complexity of security incidents, manual processes and fragmented tools often prove insufficient in effectively responding to and mitigating threats. This is where Security Orchestration, Automation, and Response (SOAR) technology comes into play.
What Is SOAR?
Security orchestration, automation, and response (SOAR) technology is designed to help organizations improve their overall security posture by coordinating, executing, and automating tasks between various people and tools within a single platform. SOAR platforms have three primary capabilities: threat and vulnerability management, security incident response, and security operations automation.
Threat and vulnerability management, also known as orchestration, involves technologies that help organizations address cyber threats. This includes collecting and analyzing data from various sources to identify vulnerabilities and potential threats. By centralizing this information, organizations can better understand their security landscape and take appropriate actions to mitigate risks.
Security operations automation, on the other hand, focuses on automating and orchestrating security operations tasks. This includes automating repetitive and manual processes such as log analysis, vulnerability scanning, and ticket checking. By automating these tasks, organizations can save time and improve efficiency in their security operations.
SOAR platforms ingest alert data from various sources, such as SIEM platforms, endpoint protection products, and external threat intelligence feeds. These alerts trigger playbooks, which are predefined automated actions or workflows. Playbooks can be prebuilt or customized based on the organization’s specific needs. By leveraging a combination of human expertise and machine learning, organizations can analyze the alert data and prioritize automated incident response actions. This enables them to respond to threats more effectively and efficiently.
What Is SIEM?
SIEM stands for Security Information and Event Management. It is a platform that aggregates log and event data from multiple tools, technologies, and processes to help organizations detect, analyze, and respond to potential security incidents. SIEM combines two key components: security information management (SIM) and security event management (SEM).
SIM focuses on collecting and managing security-related data from various sources, such as devices, servers, networks, and security tools. This includes logs, events, and other relevant information. By centralizing this data, SIEM platforms provide organizations with a comprehensive view of their security landscape, enabling them to identify potential abnormalities and threats.
SEM, on the other hand, focuses on analyzing the collected data to detect security events. This involves using correlation rules, analytics, and algorithms to identify patterns and anomalies that may indicate a security incident. When a security event is detected, SIEM platforms generate alerts and notifications to inform security teams about the potential threat.
SIEM platforms typically include features such as log management, data correlation, analytics, dashboards, and alerting. These features allow organizations to monitor their security environment, investigate potential incidents, and respond to threats in a timely manner.
SOAR Vs. SIEM
While SOAR and SIEM are similar in the sense that they both detect security issues and collect data, there are significant differences between them. The main difference lies in the additional capabilities that SOAR brings to the table, namely automation and response.
SIEM platforms primarily focus on collecting and analyzing data to detect security events. They generate alerts and notifications to inform security teams about potential threats, but the response actions are typically manual and require human intervention.
SOAR platforms, on the other hand, go beyond detection and alerting. They automate and orchestrate response workflows through the use of playbooks and leverage artificial intelligence (AI) to learn and predict patterns of behavior. This enables organizations to respond to threats more quickly and efficiently, as many of the lower-level threats can be automated and addressed without human intervention.
SOAR platforms also have the ability to ingest alerts from sources that SIEM platforms may not cover, such as vulnerability scan findings, cloud security alerts, and IoT device alerts. This allows for better deduplication of alerts and a more streamlined approach to handling security incidents.
SOAR Platforms Have Three Main Components
Security Orchestration
Security orchestration is a key component of SOAR platforms that connects and integrates disparate internal and external tools. This is achieved through built-in or custom integrations and application programming interfaces (APIs). By connecting these tools, SOAR platforms enable the sharing of data and information between them, allowing for a more holistic and comprehensive view of the security landscape. This integration helps organizations streamline their security operations and improve their ability to respond to threats.
Security Automation
Security automation is another critical component of SOAR platforms. It involves automating repetitive and manual tasks that are typically performed by security analysts. By automating these tasks, organizations can reduce the time and effort required for incident response, allowing their security teams to focus on more complex and high-priority activities.
Automation in SOAR platforms is achieved through the use of playbooks. Playbooks are predefined workflows that outline the steps to be taken in response to specific security incidents or events. These playbooks can be customized to align with an organization’s specific security policies and procedures. When an alert is triggered, the corresponding playbook is executed, automating the response actions and reducing the need for manual intervention.
Security Response
The security response component of SOAR platforms provides a single interface for security analysts to manage and report on their actions. It serves as a centralized hub where analysts can view and prioritize alerts, access relevant information and context, and track the progress of ongoing incidents.
SOAR platforms provide security analysts with the tools and capabilities to investigate and respond to security incidents more effectively. They offer features such as case management, collaboration tools, and incident tracking, which help streamline the incident response process and ensure that all necessary actions are taken.
The security response component also enables organizations to generate reports and metrics on their incident response activities. This allows them to assess their performance, identify areas for improvement, and demonstrate compliance with regulatory requirements.
Benefits Of SOAR
1. Faster incident detection and reaction times:
SOAR platforms integrate data from various sources and automate processes, leading to quicker detection and response to security threats. By reducing mean time to detect (MTTD) and mean time to respond (MTTR), the impact of threats can be minimized.
2. Better threat context:
SOAR platforms gather and analyze data from multiple tools and systems, providing a comprehensive view of the threat landscape. This allows for better analysis, improved threat intelligence, and up-to-date information on emerging threats.
3. Simplified management:
SOAR platforms consolidate security systems’ dashboards into a single interface, simplifying management and saving time. This centralized approach enhances information handling and streamlines operations for security teams.
4. Scalability:
Manual processes can be time-consuming and challenging to scale as security event volume grows. SOAR platforms offer orchestration, automation, and workflows that can easily meet scalability demands, ensuring efficient handling of increasing security threats.
5. Boosted analyst productivity:
By automating lower-level threats, SOAR platforms allow security teams to prioritize tasks more effectively. This frees up analysts’ time, enabling them to focus on higher-value activities and respond to threats that require human intervention more quickly.
6. Streamlined operations:
Standardized procedures and automated playbooks in SOAR platforms enable consistent and efficient response efforts. This ensures that standardized remediation measures are applied across the organization, saving time and minimizing errors.
7. Reporting and collaboration:
SOAR platforms provide reporting and analysis capabilities that consolidate information and improve data management processes. This enables better response efforts, updates to security policies, and effective collaboration across different teams within the organization.
8 Lowered costs:
By augmenting security analysts with SOAR tools, organizations can reduce costs compared to manually performing all threat analysis, detection, and response efforts. The automation and efficiency provided by SOAR platforms can lead to cost savings in security operations.
What Are Security Orchestration And Automation?
Security automation involves the machine-based execution of security actions to detect, investigate, and remediate cyber threats without manual human intervention. It eliminates the need for security analysts to manually address every alert, reducing the time and effort required to respond to threats. Security automation can detect threats, triage potential incidents, decide on appropriate actions, and resolve issues, all in a matter of seconds. This frees up security analysts to focus on more strategic tasks and value-adding work.
Security orchestration, on the other hand, is the coordination of a series of interdependent security actions across a complex infrastructure. It ensures that all security and non-security tools work together seamlessly, automating tasks and workflows, and facilitating collaboration. Security orchestration provides better context around security incidents, enabling deeper investigations and more meaningful analysis. It also improves collaboration among different stakeholders involved in incident response, making problem-solving and resolution more effective.
The Difference Between Automation And Orchestration
While security automation and security orchestration are often used interchangeably, they serve different purposes:
Security automation focuses on reducing the time it takes to detect and respond to repetitive incidents and false positives. It frees up security analysts’ time by automating known scenarios with predefined actions. Security automation simplifies security operations and allows analysts to focus on strategic tasks and investigative research.
Security orchestration, on the other hand, enables the sharing of information and coordination of multiple tools to respond to incidents as a group. It leverages automation to execute complex processes or workflows that involve multiple automated tasks. Security orchestration integrates different security tools, creating a fast and efficient workflow process from beginning to end. It enhances collaboration, improves context around incidents, and maximizes the value derived from security staff, processes, and tools.
Threat Intelligence Management (TIM)
Threat Intelligence Management (TIM) is the collection, normalization, enrichment, and actioning of data about potential attackers and their intentions, motivations, and capabilities. It goes beyond simply gathering threat data and focuses on analyzing and using that data to make informed security decisions. TIM helps organizations understand the global threat landscape, anticipate attackers’ next moves, and take prompt action to prevent attacks.
TIM involves collecting threat data from various sources, such as open-source intelligence, dark web monitoring, and threat feeds. This data is then normalized and enriched to provide context and relevance. Analysis techniques, such as threat modeling and correlation, are applied to prioritize threats based on their severity and potential impact. The actionable intelligence derived from TIM helps organizations implement effective security measures, allocate resources appropriately, and respond swiftly to emerging threats.
Why Is SOAR Important?
SOAR (Security Orchestration, Automation, and Response) is important for several reasons:
1. Improved efficiency:
SOAR platforms automate repetitive and manual tasks, allowing security teams to focus on more strategic and complex activities. This improves operational efficiency and reduces the risk of human error.
2. Enhanced incident response:
SOAR platforms streamline incident response processes by automating the detection, triage, and response to security alerts. This leads to faster response times, minimizing the impact of security incidents.
3. Better threat detection and prevention:
By integrating and correlating data from various security tools and systems, SOAR platforms provide a comprehensive view of the threat landscape. This enables more effective threat detection and prevention.
4. Increased scalability:
As security threats continue to evolve and grow in complexity, organizations need scalable solutions to handle the increasing volume of security events. SOAR platforms provide the automation and orchestration capabilities required to scale security operations.
5. Improved collaboration:
SOAR platforms facilitate collaboration among different teams within an organization, such as security operations, IT, and threat intelligence teams. This enables better communication, knowledge sharing, and coordinated response efforts.
6. Enhanced visibility and reporting:
SOAR platforms provide centralized dashboards and reporting capabilities, giving security teams better visibility into their security posture. This enables more informed decision-making and helps organizations meet compliance requirements.
7. Cost savings:
By automating and streamlining security processes, SOAR platforms help organizations optimize resource allocation and reduce operational costs. This is particularly important in the face of growing security threats and limited security budgets.
Challenges Of SOAR
While SOAR offers numerous benefits, there are also challenges that organizations may face when implementing and using SOAR platforms:
1. Integration complexity:
Integrating various security tools, systems, and data sources into a SOAR platform can be complex and time-consuming. Compatibility issues and lack of standardization among security tools can pose challenges during integration.
2. Skill requirements:
Effective utilization of a SOAR platform requires skilled personnel who understand both security operations and automation technologies. Organizations may need to invest in training or hire specialized resources to maximize the value of their SOAR implementation.
3. False positives and false negatives:
SOAR platforms rely on accurate and reliable data to automate incident response. However, false positives (incorrectly identifying benign events as threats) and false negatives (failing to detect actual threats) can still occur. Organizations need to continuously fine-tune their SOAR platforms to minimize these issues.
4. Process standardization:
Implementing a SOAR platform often requires standardizing security processes and workflows across the organization. This can be challenging, especially in larger organizations with diverse security practices and technologies.
5. Adoption and change management
Introducing a SOAR platform requires organizational buy-in and change management efforts. Resistance to change, lack of understanding of the benefits, and cultural barriers can hinder successful adoption and utilization of the platform.
The Value Of Having And Using SOAR
Having and using a SOAR platform provides several key benefits:
1. Improved incident response:
SOAR platforms enable faster and more efficient incident response by automating repetitive tasks, prioritizing alerts, and providing playbooks for standardized response procedures.
2. Enhanced threat detection and intelligence:
By integrating and correlating data from multiple sources, SOAR platforms provide better visibility into the threat landscape, enabling organizations to detect and respond to threats more effectively.
3. Increased operational efficiency:
Automation of manual and repetitive tasks frees up security analysts’ time, allowing them to focus on more critical and strategic activities. This improves operational efficiency and productivity.
4. Consistency and standardization:
SOAR platforms provide a centralized and standardized approach to incident response, ensuring consistent and documented processes across the organization. This improves collaboration and reduces errors.
5. Scalability:
As security threats continue to evolve and grow, SOAR platforms provide the scalability required to handle the increasing volume of security events. This allows organizations to effectively scale their security operations.
6. Cost savings:
By automating and streamlining security processes, SOAR platforms help organizations optimize resource allocation and reduce operational costs. The automation of repetitive tasks reduces the need for manual intervention, saving time and effort for security teams. This allows organizations to allocate their resources more efficiently and focus on higher-value activities.
7. Improved compliance and reporting:
SOAR platforms provide centralized visibility and reporting capabilities, making it easier for organizations to demonstrate compliance with regulatory requirements. The platform can generate comprehensive reports and audit trails, providing evidence of security measures and incident response activities.
8. Enhanced collaboration and communication:
SOAR platforms facilitate collaboration among different teams within an organization. Security operations teams, IT teams, and threat intelligence teams can work together more effectively, sharing information and coordinating their efforts to respond to security incidents.
9. Continuous improvement and optimization:
SOAR platforms enable organizations to continually improve their security operations by analyzing data and metrics. By identifying patterns and trends in security incidents, organizations can make informed decisions to optimize their security posture and response capabilities.
10. Future-proofing security operations:
SOAR platforms are designed to adapt to evolving security threats and technologies. They can integrate with new security tools and systems, ensuring that organizations can stay ahead of emerging threats and maintain an effective security posture.
SOAR Factors
When evaluating SOAR platforms, it’s important to consider a variety of factors to ensure you choose the right solution for your organization’s needs. Let’s take a closer look at each of the factors mentioned:
1. Ease of use and connectivity:
A key consideration is how easy the platform is to use and how well it can connect with other tools in your security stack. The platform should act as a connective fiber between detection, enrichment, response, and allied tools. It should seamlessly ingest alerts from your existing detection tools and execute automated playbooks that coordinate actions across all relevant tools. Look for a platform that offers intuitive user interfaces and provides smooth integration capabilities.
2. Integration capabilities:
Custom integrations can be crucial for organizations with specific needs or unique tools in their environment. Check if the platform provides a mechanism, such as an internal SDK, to build custom integrations. Additionally, consider if the platform offers support from their services team during the onboarding period for custom integrations. This can ensure that the platform can seamlessly connect with your existing tools and processes.
3. Incident and case management:
Effective incident and case management are essential for efficient security operations. Look for a platform that provides native case management features or integrates well with relevant case management tools. The platform should enable the reconstruction of incident timelines, support post-incident documentation and review, and create audit trails to highlight data flow and maintain accountability. These features can greatly enhance incident response and investigation processes.
4. Integration with threat intelligence:
Threat intelligence integration is crucial for staying ahead of emerging threats. A SOAR platform with threat intel integration can utilize gathered knowledge to help SOC teams make informed decisions about the impact of external threats. Look for a platform that can map external threat intel to incidents happening in your network, potentially uncovering previously undetected malicious activity. Automated workflows should enable scalable and real-time distribution of relevant threat intel to enforcement points.
5. Workflow and playbook capabilities:
The platform should offer robust workflow capabilities, allowing you to design visual task-based processes. This helps in creating and executing playbooks for each incident. Look for a platform that supports nesting of playbooks, allowing you to create complex and interconnected workflows. It should also enable the creation of custom playbook tasks, both automated and manual, to suit your specific requirements. Additionally, the platform should provide a live run view of playbooks for each incident, allowing for real-time monitoring and adjustment.
6. Deployment flexibility:
As technologies evolve, it’s important to choose a platform that offers deployment flexibility. Consider whether the platform supports different deployment options, such as on-premises, cloud, or hybrid. Look for features like multitenancy, which allow you to securely manage multiple environments within a single platform. Additionally, check if the platform supports network segmentation for communication across organizational networks. Horizontal scalability and guaranteed high availability are also important considerations for handling the growth and demands of your organization.
7. Pricing:
Consider the pricing method that aligns well with your budgeting processes. Common pricing methods include per action or automation, per node or endpoint, and annual subscriptions with add-on prices for additional admin users. Evaluate the pricing models offered by different vendors and choose one that provides the best value for your organization while considering your budget constraints.
8. Additional services and features:
Look beyond the core SOAR competencies and consider what other resources and services the company provides. Professional services can ensure a successful deployment from start to finish, so check if the company offers such services. Additionally, evaluate the post-sales support provided by the company. Consider if they offer the type of support that you and your organization need, such as technical support, training, and regular updates.
