Nigeria is home to diverse ethnic groups, each with its own distinct traditional leadership structure. These traditional rulers, commonly referred to as kings, are known by various titles across different regions and cultures.
Though they no longer hold formal political authority like presidents or governors, their impact on society remains significant. These monarchs continue to command deep respect and wield considerable influence in their respective domains.
Here are ten of the most powerful and influential traditional rulers in Nigeria today — listed in no particular order:
10. The Obong of Calabar (Efik Kingdom, Cross River State)
The current Obong, Edidem Ekpo Okon Abasi Otu V, was reinstated in 2023. As the traditional leader of the Efik people in Southern Nigeria, his stature has grown, particularly through his association with the renowned Calabar Carnival, which has helped amplify his influence across the country.
9. Obi of Nnewi
Nnewi, an industrious hub in Anambra State, is often referred to as the “Japan of Africa” due to its thriving manufacturing industry. The traditional ruler, Igwe Kenneth Orizu III, holds the title of Obi, in accordance with Igbo custom. As the longest-serving monarch in Anambra, his influence extends well beyond cultural leadership into areas such as business, education, and economic development.
8. Oba of Lagos
Although the Oba of Lagos — also known as the Eleko of Eko — does not occupy a political office, his influence is deeply rooted in the cultural and historical fabric of Lagos, Nigeria’s commercial capital. Oba Rilwan Babatunde Osuolale Aremu Akiolu, who ascended the throne on May 24, 2003, serves as a guardian of Lagosian heritage and tradition.
7. Obi of Onitsha
His Majesty Igwe Nnaemeka Alfred Ugochukwu Achebe has been the Obi of Onitsha since May 14, 2002. He is a prominent figure among the Igbo people of Anambra State and holds considerable sway in the region’s traditional and social affairs.
6. Olu of Warri (Itsekiri Kingdom, Delta State)
The Olu of Warri is the paramount ruler of the Itsekiri people, a riverine ethnic group with a rich history of pre-colonial trade. Ogiame Atuwatse III, who became king in 2021, leads this kingdom, known historically for its interactions with European traders and its strategic location in the Niger Delta.
5. Emir of Kano (Kano State)
Kano has served as a key center for commerce and governance for centuries. The Emir of Kano holds both cultural and religious authority, especially among the Hausa/Fulani and broader Muslim community in the North. The current Emir, Aminu Ado Bayero, took the throne in 2020 and remains a vital voice in northern Nigeria’s Islamic and social affairs.
4. Sultan of Sokoto (Sokoto State)
The Sultan is the spiritual leader of Nigeria’s Muslims and head of the historic Sokoto Caliphate. Muhammadu Sa’ad Abubakar III, who ascended the throne in 2006, is highly influential in religious matters and plays a pivotal role in national discourse regarding Islam.
3. Oba of Benin (Benin Kingdom, Edo State)
The Benin Kingdom, dating back more than a millennium, is one of Nigeria’s most storied monarchies. Known for its artistry and historical legacy, the influence of the Oba of Benin stretches beyond Edo State. Oba Ewuare II, who became king in 2016, upholds the traditions and customs of the Edo people and remains a cultural icon.
2. Alaafin of Oyo (Oyo, Oyo State)
Although the ancient Oyo Empire has faded into history, the Alaafin of Oyo still holds an esteemed position within Yoruba land. The current Alaafin, Prince Abimbola Akeem Owoade, was selected in January 2025 after extensive consultations by the Oyo traditional council, reflecting the enduring importance of this royal institution.
1. Ooni of Ife (Ile-Ife, Osun State)
The Ooni of Ife is revered not just as a monarch but as a spiritual leader among the Yoruba people. Ile-Ife is often regarded as the cradle of Yoruba civilization, and the current Ooni, Oba Adeyeye Enitan Ogunwusi (Ojaja II), who assumed the throne in 2015, is seen as a unifying figure whose influence spans across and beyond Yoruba-speaking regions.
