Lagos State is often regarded as the heartbeat of Nigeria, both economically and culturally. Situated in the South West geopolitical zone, it’s bordered by Ogun State to the north and east, and the Atlantic Ocean to the south, giving it a unique coastal advantage. Though it’s the smallest state in Nigeria by land area, Lagos is the country’s most densely populated state, with an estimated population exceeding 22 million people as of 2025.
Quick Facts About Lagos State
| Attribute | Details |
|---|---|
| State Name | Lagos State |
| Geopolitical Zone | South West |
| Estimated Population | Over 17 million (2025 estimate) |
| State Capital | Ikeja |
| Number of LGAs | 20 |
| Major Tribes | Yoruba (Awori, Egun), Igbo, Hausa |
| Predominant Religions | Christianity, Islam, Traditional beliefs |
| Climate Type | Tropical Wet and Dry |
| Land Area (km²) | 1,171 |
| Official State Slogan | Centre of Excellence |
The indigenous tribes of Lagos are predominantly the Awori, a sub-group of the Yoruba ethnic nationality. Other native groups include the Egun, particularly around Badagry. Over the years, Lagos has evolved into a true melting pot, attracting people from every part of Nigeria and beyond. Yoruba remains the primary language, although English, Pidgin, Igbo, and Hausa are widely spoken in different parts of the state. Both Christianity and Islam dominate the religious landscape, with a blend of traditional African beliefs still observed in some communities.
The state capital is Ikeja, but other well-known urban centres include Victoria Island, Lekki, Badagry, Epe, Ikorodu, and Apapa. Lagos is famed for its entrepreneurial spirit, vibrant nightlife, tech innovation hubs, and thriving creative and entertainment industries.
Geography & Climate
Covering an area of 1,171 square kilometres, Lagos State stretches along the Atlantic coastline, featuring lagoons, creeks, sandy beaches, and swamplands. The prominent Lagos Lagoon adds to the state’s charm and serves as a vital resource for fishing and transport.
The climate here is typically tropical wet and dry, with distinct rainy and dry seasons. Rainfall peaks between April and July, while the dry season runs from November to March. The average temperature stays between 25°C and 32°C year-round. This coastal setting and humid weather shape the lifestyle and economy of the people — encouraging fishing, waterfront leisure, and outdoor markets.
History
Lagos has a rich history dating back to the 15th century when it was known as Eko, a name still fondly used by locals today. It served as a fishing settlement for the Awori people. The name Lagos was later given by Portuguese explorers, meaning “lakes” due to the network of lagoons and waterways.
The city-state gained prominence during the transatlantic slave trade and later as a British colony. It served as the capital of Nigeria until 1991, when Abuja was named the new Federal Capital Territory. Lagos State itself was created on May 27, 1967, during the military restructuring of Nigeria’s regions into states.
Lagos State Economy
Lagos State boasts the largest economy of any Nigerian state and is considered one of Africa’s economic powerhouses. Its diverse economy thrives on commerce, manufacturing, real estate, technology, oil and gas, entertainment, and financial services.
Major markets like Balogun Market, Ladipo Auto Parts Market, Oshodi Market, and Tejuosho Market pulse with commercial activity daily. The Lekki Free Trade Zone, the Lagos Deep Sea Port, and several industrial estates sustain the manufacturing and maritime sectors. The state is also Nigeria’s tech capital, home to Yaba’s tech ecosystem (Yabacon Valley).
Fishing remains important along coastal towns like Epe and Badagry, while areas like Ikorodu flourish with agricultural produce.
Culture & Festivals
Lagos is a culturally rich and diverse state. Traditional festivals like the Eyo Festival — an ancient Yoruba masquerade parade in Lagos Island — remain one of the state’s most colorful events. Oro Festival, Badagry Festival, and Lekki Arts & Culture Festival also draw crowds annually.
The culinary culture is equally impressive, with delicacies like Efo Riro, Asun (spicy roasted goat meat), Boli (roasted plantain), Ewa Agoyin (mashed beans), and fresh seafood dishes.
Education
Lagos is home to some of Nigeria’s finest institutions. These include University of Lagos (UNILAG), Lagos State University (LASU), Yaba College of Technology (YABATECH), and Lagos State Polytechnic. The city also boasts several private universities, professional schools, and international-standard secondary and primary schools.
Healthcare In Lagos State
Healthcare facilities in Lagos are well-distributed. Major hospitals include Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH), Lagos State University Teaching Hospital (LASUTH), St. Nicholas Hospital, Reddington Hospital, Euracare Multi-Specialist Hospital, and Eko Hospital.
The state continues to invest in healthcare infrastructure, including mother and child centres and emergency response services.
Tourist Attractions
Tourism thrives in Lagos thanks to its historical landmarks and beaches. Popular sites include National Theatre, Freedom Park, Nike Art Gallery, Elegushi Beach, Tarkwa Bay, Lekki Conservation Centre, and the National Museum Lagos.
Historic Badagry Town tells the harrowing story of the transatlantic slave trade, with relics like the Slave Trade Museum and Point of No Return.
Local Government Areas (LGAs)
Lagos State is divided into 20 Local Government Areas, including Ikeja, Surulere, Lagos Island, Lagos Mainland, Apapa, Badagry, Epe, Ikorodu, Eti-Osa, Alimosho, Ifako-Ijaiye, Kosofe, Mushin, Ojo, Oshodi-Isolo, Somolu, Agege, Ajeromi-Ifelodun, Amuwo-Odofin, and Ibeju-Lekki.
Notable Personalities In Lagos State
Notable figures from Lagos State include Femi Kuti, Afrobeat musician and son of Fela Kuti; Funke Akindele, celebrated actress and filmmaker; Babatunde Fashola, former Lagos governor and federal minister; and Wizkid, internationally acclaimed Afrobeat artist.
Fun Fact
Did you know that Lagos is the smallest state by land mass in Nigeria but has the largest population? It also hosts Africa’s busiest seaport and largest open-air ICT market — Computer Village in Ikeja.
