A new legislative proposal currently under consideration at Nigeria’s National Assembly is drawing significant backlash. The bill seeks to impose a penalty on eligible voters who abstain from participating in elections—either through a fine of ₦100,000 or a six-month jail term.
Officially titled the Bill for an Act to Amend the Electoral Act 2022, the proposal has been described by many critics as both provocative and repressive. Although some countries implement mandatory voting laws, such as Australia and Belgium, they tend to enforce only small fines—not imprisonment.
Growing Voter Apathy in Nigeria
Over the years, voter turnout in Nigeria has steadily declined. This trend reached a historic low during the 2023 presidential election, where only 27% of eligible voters participated. Many observers point to widespread disillusionment with the political system as a key reason for the decline. Perceptions of rigged elections, logistical problems on voting day, and a lack of accountability have all contributed to public apathy.
Criticism and Demand for Reforms
Rather than addressing these systemic issues, critics argue that the bill shifts blame to the citizens. Civil society organisations, including the Socio-Economic Rights and Accountability Project, have spoken out strongly against it, labeling the proposal as “oppressive and unconstitutional.” They maintain that the true solution lies in tackling electoral inefficiencies, enhancing voter education, and ensuring transparency in the electoral process.
The Role of Economic Struggles
The country’s ongoing economic challenges have further deepened the sense of alienation many Nigerians feel from democratic governance. Surging costs of living and limited access to basic necessities—such as food, fuel, and healthcare—have left many disillusioned with their leaders. Experts believe that addressing these issues and delivering the benefits of democracy would be more effective in motivating citizens to engage in elections.
Understanding the National Assembly
Nigeria’s National Assembly serves as the legislative branch of the federal government. It is a bicameral body comprising the Senate and the House of Representatives. The Senate includes 109 lawmakers—three from each state and one from the Federal Capital Territory. The House of Representatives is made up of 360 members elected based on population distribution.
Formed under the 1999 Constitution, the Assembly is tasked with enacting laws, reviewing budgets, and providing oversight of the executive branch. Despite its vital role in the country’s democracy, it has faced criticism for inefficiency and high operational costs. The National Assembly convenes in Abuja, the federal capital.
